Copyright Redland Reflexology

Here are brief overview descriptions based on general knowledge of the various items listed on your Body Frequency Analyser/Optimiser Body Chemistry Report. Note they have not been checked for accuracy. Mistakes can happen so please double-check any important information.

Gastrointestinal Functions 2/ Insulin Resistance and Pancreas

Here is a brief description of the terms related to insulin resistance and pancreas function:

**Ferritin**: Ferritin is a protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled manner. Elevated ferritin levels can be associated with insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders.

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**Adiponectin**: Adiponectin is a hormone produced by fat cells that plays a key role in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. Low levels of adiponectin are often associated with insulin resistance.

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**Alpha-Hydroxybutyrate (a-HB)**: Alpha-Hydroxybutyrate is a biomarker that may indicate early metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Elevated a-HB levels can signal impaired glucose metabolism.

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**Free Fatty Acids (FFA)**: Free fatty acids are lipids released from adipose tissue. High levels of FFAs can interfere with insulin signaling and lead to insulin resistance.

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**Ghrelin**: Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the stomach that stimulates appetite. It may also play a role in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.

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**HOMA-IR**: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method used to estimate insulin resistance based on fasting blood glucose and insulin levels.

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**Leptin**: Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance and appetite. High levels of leptin can indicate leptin resistance, which is associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

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**Leptin/BMI Ratio**: The ratio of leptin to BMI can provide insight into leptin resistance and metabolic health. Elevated leptin levels in relation to BMI may indicate metabolic issues.

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184. **IRi Score**: The IRi score is a metric used to assess insulin resistance and risk for metabolic disorders. It is derived from various biomarkers and clinical data.

 

**Linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (L-GPC)**: L-GPC is a lipid molecule that may serve as a biomarker for insulin resistance and metabolic health. Elevated levels may indicate impaired glucose metabolism.

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**Oleic Acid**: Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is part of a healthy diet. It may help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation.

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**Anti-GAD (IU/mL)**: Anti-GAD antibodies target glutamic acid decarboxylase, an enzyme in the pancreas. They are often associated with autoimmune diabetes (type 1 diabetes) and may indicate beta-cell destruction.

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**C-peptide (ng/mL)**: C-peptide is a byproduct of insulin production and is measured to assess insulin secretion and beta-cell function.

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**Proinsulin (pmo/L)**: Proinsulin is the precursor to insulin and can be measured to evaluate beta-cell function and insulin production.

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**Proinsulin: C-peptide Ratio**: The ratio of proinsulin to C-peptide can provide insights into beta-cell function and the efficiency of insulin production.

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**Fructosamine**: Fructosamine measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 weeks, providing an alternative to HbA1c for monitoring glycemic control.

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**Insulin Secretion**: Insulin secretion refers to the process by which the pancreas releases insulin in response to elevated blood glucose levels.

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**HbA1c**: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. It is a key marker for assessing long-term glycemic control.

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**Blood Glucose**: Blood glucose levels reflect the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. Elevated levels can indicate poor glycemic control and potential insulin resistance.

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**Glycation Gap**: The glycation gap is the difference between observed and predicted HbA1c levels. A large gap may indicate abnormal glucose metabolism.

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**Postprandial Glycemic Index (PPGi)**: PPGi measures the increase in blood glucose levels after consuming a meal. It helps assess how different foods impact blood sugar levels and insulin response.

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